Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and 1907 and Class List

Museum and art school in Philadelphia

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

Type	Private art school
Established	1805
Accreditation	MSCHE
President	Elizabeth Warshawer (interim)
Location	Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
Website	www.pafa.org

United States historic place

Pennsylvania University of the Fine Arts
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Pennsylvania state historical marking
The museum building of the Academy
Evidence map of Philadelphia Show map of Pennsylvania Prove map of the The states
Location	SW corner of Broad & Cherry Sts. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Coordinates	Coordinates: 39°57′xviii″Due north 75°ix′50″W  /  39.95500°Due north 75.16389°West  / 39.95500; -75.16389
Built	1871–1876[2]
Builder	Frank Furness; George Hewitt
Architectural style	Second Empire, Renaissance, Gothic
Website	www.pafa.org
NRHP referenceNo.	71000731[1]
Meaning dates
Added to NRHP	May 27, 1971
Designated NHL	May 15, 1975
Designated PHMC	November 17, 2004[3]

The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and individual art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[4] It was founded in 1805 and is the commencement and oldest art museum and art school in the U.s.a..^[iv] The academy'south museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Primary of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education.

History [edit]

PAFA's 1806 edifice, in an 1809 engraving.

PAFA's 1845 edifice, in a ca.1870 photograph.

The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts was founded in 1805 past painter and scientist Charles Willson Peale, sculptor William Blitz, and other artists and business leaders.^[5] The growth of the Academy of Fine Arts was ho-hum. For many years it held its exhibitions in an 1806 edifice, designed past John Dorsey with pillars of the Ionic order. It stood on the site of the later American Theater at Anecdote and tenth streets. The academy opened as a museum in 1807 and held its get-go exhibition in 1811, where more than 500 paintings and statues were displayed. The first school classes held in the building were with the Club of Artists in 1810.

The academy had to be reconstructed after the fire of 1845. Some 23 years afterwards, leaders of the academy raised funds to construct a building more worthy of its treasures. They commissioned the current Furness-Hewitt edifice, which was constructed from 1871. It opened equally part of the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition.^[6]

In 1876, onetime academy pupil and artist Thomas Eakins returned to teach as a volunteer. Fairman Rogers, chairman of the Committee on Instruction from 1878 to 1883, fabricated him a kinesthesia member in 1878, and promoted him to director in 1882. Eakins revamped the certificate curriculum to what it used to exist today. Students in the certificate program learned fundamentals of cartoon, painting, sculpture, and printmaking (relief, intaglio, and lithography) for two years. For the next ii years, they had conducted independent report, guided by frequent critiques from faculty, students, and visiting artists.

From 1811 to 1969, the academy organized of import almanac fine art exhibitions, from which the museum made meaning acquisitions. Harrison S. Morris, managing director from 1892 to 1905, collected contemporary American art for the establishment. Amongst the many masterpieces acquired during his tenure were works by Cecilia Beaux, William Merritt Chase, Frank Duveneck, Thomas Eakins, Winslow Homer, Childe Hassam, and Edmund Tarbell. Piece of work by The Eight, which included quondam Academy students Robert Henri and John Sloan, is well represented in the collection. It provides a transition between 19th- and 20th- century fine art movements.

From 1890 to 1906, Edward Hornor Coates served every bit the tenth president of the university. In 1915, Coates was awarded the academy'southward golden medal.^[vii] Painter John McLure Hamilton, who began his art education at the academy under Thomas Eakins, in 1921 described the contributions Coates made during his tenure:

The reign of Mr. Coates at the Academy marked the period of its greatest prosperity. Rich endowments were made to the schools, a gallery of national portraiture was formed, and some of the all-time examples of Gilbert Stuart's work acquired. The almanac exhibitions attained a brilliancy and éclat hitherto unknown ... Mr. Coates wisely established the schools upon a conservative basis, building about unconsciously the dykes loftier against the oncoming period of insane novelties in fine art patterns ... In this last struggle against modernism the President was ably supported by Eakins, Anschutz, Grafly, [Henry Joseph] Thouron, Vonnoh, and Chase ... His unfailing courtesy, his disinterested thoughtfulness, his tactfulness, and his modesty endeared him to scholars and masters alike. No sacrifice of time or of ways was too great, if he thought he could accomplish the end he e'er had in view—the laurels and the glory of the University. Information technology was under Mr. Coates' enlightened direction that was fulfilled the expressed wish of Benjamin West, the first honorary Academician, that "Philadelphia may be as much celebrated for her galleries of paintings by the native genius of the country, as she is distinguished by the virtues of her people; and that she may exist looked up to as the Athens of the Western World in all that can requite polish to the man mind."^[8]

During World War I, academy students were actively involved in war piece of work. "Nigh threescore percent of the immature men enlisted or entered Regime service, and probably all of the young women and all the residue of the young men were direct or indirectly engaged in war work."^[9] A war service gild was formed past students and a monthly publication, The Academy Fling, was sent to service members. George Harding, a former PAFA student, was deputed captain during the war and created official combat sketches for the American Expeditionary Forces.

Women at the Academy [edit]

The 1844 Board of Directors' declaration that women artists "would take exclusive use of the statue gallery for professional purposes" and study time in the museum on Mon, Wednesday, and Friday mornings signified a significant advance towards formal training in art for women.^[ten] Prior to the founding of the academy, at that place were limited opportunities for women to receive professional art preparation in the United States. This menses between the mid-19th and early 20th centuries shows a remarkable growth of formally trained women artists.

By 1860 female students were allowed to have anatomy and antique courses, drawing from antique casts.^[11] In addition, women enjoyed their newly acquired library and gallery access. Life classes, the study of the nude body, were available to women in the spring of 1868 with female models; male models were added for study six years later. This came afterward much debate on whether information technology was appropriate for women to view the nude male course.

Information technology took 24 years before women could take full advantage of all aspects of training at the prestigious establishment.^[12] After 1868 women took more active leadership roles and achieved influential positions. For instance, in 1878 Catherine Drinker, at the historic period of 27, became the first woman to teach at the academy.^[xiii] One of her pupils, her younger cousin Cecilia Beaux, would leave a lasting legacy at the academy equally the start female faculty member to instruct painting and cartoon, beginning in 1895.^[xiv] Past the 1880s women artists competed with men for top accolades and recognition. Not until much later, however, did the university gain its first adult female on the board of directors in 1950.

Even as women artists were making progress in the U.s., they had difficulty studying in Europe. Many of the famous and country-run academies, such as the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, actively excluded women until the late 19th century, and many of the only opportunities available were through privately run, less prestigious fine art schools or ateliers of artists.^[15] Women who chose to travel overseas typically studied the works of main artists in the galleries, not in classes.^{[ citation needed ]}

In 2010, the academy acquired the Linda Lee Modify Collection of Fine art by Women, near 500 works by female artists, from collector Linda Lee Change. Artists in the collection include those of international renown, such as Louise Bourgeois, Judy Chicago, Louise Nevelson, Kiki Smith and Kara Walker, too renowned Philadelphia artists including Elizabeth Osborne. In 2012, the academy featured the collection in the exhibition The Female Gaze: Women Artists Making Their Earth. ^[fifteen]

The Academy today [edit]

The Museum [edit]

Since its founding, the academy has collected works past leading American artists, as well every bit works by distinguished alumni and kinesthesia of its schoolhouse. Today, the academy maintains its collecting tradition with the inclusion of works by modern and gimmicky American artists. Acquisitions and exhibition programs are balanced between historical and gimmicky art, and the museum continues to bear witness works by contemporary regional artists and features annual displays of work past academy students. The collection is installed in a chronological and thematic format, exploring the history of American art from the 1760s to the present.

The School [edit]

The academy was well known for its longstanding iv-yr certificate plan. Since 1929, qualified students have been able to utilise for and receive a coordinated Bachelor of Fine Arts program at the Academy of Pennsylvania. Another BFA degree plan is offered exclusively in-house (a contempo addition) its Master of Fine Arts program, a Post Baccalaureate Certificate in Graduate Studies, and extensive continuing instruction offerings, as well as programs for children and families.

In 2005, the academy received the National Medal of Arts recognizing information technology every bit a leader in fine arts education.^[2]

In January 2007, the academy, in association with the Philadelphia Museum of Fine art, purchased Thomas Eakins's work The Gross Clinic from the Jefferson Medical School.^{[ commendation needed ]} This seminal American piece of work will be displayed at both institutions on a rotating basis.

In January 2009, PAFA signed a historic transfer understanding with Camden Canton College, New Jersey.^[16] The "Camden Connection" allows for the transfer of liberal arts and studio classes equally well as providing, on a competitive basis, for partial merit scholarships specifically for Camden County College students. Other transfer agreements are now in place with the following community college art departments:^{[ commendation needed ]} Community Higher of Philadelphia, Montgomery County Customs College, Atlantic Greatcoat Community Higher, and Northampton Community College.

In 2013, PAFA received Middle States Commission on College Pedagogy accreditation. PAFA had offered a major in the Document and the Bachelor of Fine Arts Program. Starting in Summer 2015, PAFA began offering a low-residency Master of Fine Arts programme. Since Fall 2015, PAFA has offered courses in fine arts illustration, which complements painting, cartoon, printmaking, and sculpture courses.

Buildings [edit]

The Furness-Hewitt building in 1965

The Furness-Hewitt building [edit]

The electric current museum building began construction in 1871 and opened in 1876 in connection with the Philadelphia Centennial. Designed by the American architects Frank Furness and George Hewitt, it has been called "One of the near magnificent Victorian buildings in the country."^[vi] The building's façade draws from a number of unlike historical styles, including Second Empire, Renaissance Revival and Gothic Revival, amalgamated in an "aggressively personal manner".^[6] The building'due south outside coloration combines "rusticated brownstone, dressed sandstone, polished pinkish granite, carmine pressed brick, and purplish terra-cotta."^{[half dozen]}

Interior of the Furness-Hewitt building

The inside of the building is equally varied, combining "golden floral patterns incised on a field of Venetian red; ... [a] cerulean blue ceiling sprinkled with silverish stars", and plum, ochre, sand and olive green gallery walls. The building'south structure combines brick, stone and iron; because of fire-proofing concerns, some of the iron i-beams were left uncovered.^[6]

1876 opening notes:

The newly-built Academy of Fine Arts will bear comparison with any institution of its kind in America. Information technology has a forepart of one hundred feet on Broad Street and a depth of two hundred and fifty-eight anxiety on Cherry Street. Its situation, with a street on each of its 3 sides, and an open space along a considerable portion of the fourth, is very advantageous equally regards lighting, and freedom from risk by fire.

It is built of brick, the main entrance, which is two stories loftier, existence augmented with encaustic tiles, terra-cotta bronze, and calorie-free stone dressings. The walls are laid in patterns of reddish and white brick. Over the main archway on Broad Street in that location is a large Gothic window with stone tracery. The Cherry-red Street front is relieved by a colonnade supporting arched windows, dorsum of which is the transept and pointed gable.

Beyond the archway anteroom is the main staircase, which starts from a broad hall and leads to the galleries on the 2d floor. Along the Cherry Street side of the University are five galleries arranged for casts from the antique; and, further on, are rooms for pall painting, and the life class. These have a clear north light which can never exist obstructed.

On the south side, in that location is a large lecture room, with retiring rooms, and dorsum of these are the modeling rooms and rooms devoted to the use of students and professors.

On the 2d floor is the principal hall, which extends across the building, and is intended for the exhibition of large works of art. This story is divided into galleries, which are lighted from the top. Through the centre runs a hall which is prepare autonomously for the exhibition of statuary, busts, pocket-sized statues, bas-reliefs, etc. On each side of this hall are picture galleries, which are so arranged in size and form as to admit of classification of pictures, and which can be divided into suits where separate exhibitions may be held at the same time.

The art collections of the gallery are considered the most valuable in America. They contain the masterpieces of Stuart, Sully, Allston, West, and others of our early on artists, the Gilpin gallery, fine marbles, and facsimiles of famous statues, equally well as a magnificent gallery from the antique.^[17]

The university edifice is Furness'due south best known work, and served to establish him as 1 of the country's top architects.^[xviii] Despite being initially praised by critics, by the turn of the century, tastes had changed and the edifice was not considered appealing. Eventually, steps were taken to obscure its ornamentation to "modernize" information technology.

In the post-World War Ii era, the edifice was newly appreciated over again, with the growth in the celebrated preservation movement making people more enlightened of treasures from the past. The building is now considered a masterpiece, one of the greatest buildings in Philadelphia and arguably Furness's greatest work. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and designated a National Celebrated Landmark in 1975.^[19] In 1976 the building was fully restored, both its interiors and exteriors, to coincide with its centennial and with the Us bicentennial. The restoration work was conducted through Twenty-four hours and Zimmerman Associates, and headed by Human Myers.^[20]

Samuel M.V. Hamilton Building [edit]

In 2002, Dorrance H. Hamilton made a big donation to the academy for its expansion. It purchased the former automobile factory at 128 N. Broad Street, adjacent to the original building. Designed past Charles Oelschlager, the building had formerly been used every bit a federal building.^{[ commendation needed ]}

The structure was renamed in retention of her husband, Samuel One thousand.Five. Hamilton. It was renovated and the School of Fine Arts of the academy completed its move there in September 2006. The building also contains a special exhibition space called the Fisher Brooks Gallery, named after James R. Fisher, an creative person who attended PAFA in the late 1880s, and Leonie Brooks. They are the grandfather and mother, respectively, of Marguerite Lenfest, a philanthropist and PAFA board fellow member. The Hamilton building also houses Portfolio, the museum's gift shop.

Notable people [edit]

Notable Academy students, faculty and leaders include:

• Linda Lee Change
• Charles Andes
• Thomas Pollock Anshutz
• Thomas Due north. Armstrong 3
• Elizabeth Gowdy Baker
• Will Barnet
• Cornelia Barns
• Bo Bartlett
• Walter Emerson Baum
• Anna Whelan Betts
• Ethel Franklin Betts
• Cecilia Beaux
• Alexander Stirling Calder
• Al Capp (attended briefly)
• Arthur B. Carles
• Mary Cassatt
• Jonathan Lyndon Chase
• Margaret Covey Chisholm
• Edward Hornor Coates
• Rachel Constantine
• Colin Campbell Cooper
• John Rogers Cox^[21]
• Ralston Crawford
• Jack Delano
• Vincent Desiderio
• Blanche Dillaye
• Thomas Eakins
• Thomas Harlan Ellett, builder
• David Em
• Wharton Esherick
• Stephen Etnier
• Virginia B. Evans
• Frances Farrand Contrivance
• Louise Fishman
• A. B. Frost
• Frank Furness
• Charles Lewis Fussell
• Daniel Garber
• William Glackens
• Charles Grafly
• Marie Bruner Haines
• William Weeks Hall^[22]
• Walker Hancock
• James Havard
• A. G. Heaton
• Barkley Hendricks
• Robert Henri
• Edward Lamson Henry
• George Hewitt
• Thomas Hovenden
• Frances Tipton Hunter
• Elsa Jemne
• Maria Louise Kirk^[23]
• Christine Lafuente
• Sara Larkin
• Dorothy P. Lathrop
• Frank B. A. Linton
• Adelia Armstrong Lutz
• David Lynch
• Paul Manship
• John Marin
• Don Martin
• Donald Martiny
• Elise Mercur, architect
• James Metcalf
• Alme Meyvis
• Katherine Milhous
• Abram Molarsky
• Edward Percy Moran
• Alphonse Mucha
• Taras Mychalewych
• John Neagle
• Alice Neel
• Brad Neely
• Roy Cleveland Nuse
• Violet Oakley
• Elizabeth Osborne
• Maxfield Parrish
• Charles Willson Peale
• Rembrandt Peale
• Clara Elsene Peck
• Louise Pershing
• Jane Piper
• Albin Polasek
• Howard Pyle
• Jacques Reich
• Seymour Remenick
• Fairman Rogers
• Peter F. Rothermel
• William Rush
• Lawrence Saint
• William Sartain
• Mary B. Schuenemann
• Leopold Seyffert
• Michael H. Shamberg^[24]
• David Sherman
• Everett Shinn
• John French Sloan
• Owen Staples
• LeConte Stewart
• Frank Wilbert Stokes
• Henry O. Tanner
• Ellen Powell Tiberino
• William B. T. Trego
• Orlando Gray Wales
• Philip Fishbourne Wharton
• Benjamin W
• Anita Willets-Burnham

Awards presented to individuals by the academy [edit]

• Widener Gold Medal: The academy established the George D. Widener Gilt Medal for sculpture in 1912. Widener was a businessman and director of the academy who died on the RMS Titanic. The laurels recognizes the "well-nigh meritorious piece of work of Sculpture modeled by an American citizen and shown in the Annual Exhibition".^[25]

Defunct awards [edit]

• Beck Gold Medal: The Carol H. Brook Aureate Medal was awarded to the all-time portrait by an American artist exhibited at PAFA's annual exhibition. It was awarded from 1909 to 1968.
• Mary Smith Prize: The Mary Smith Prize was awarded to "the Painter of the best painting (non excluding portraits) exhibiting at the Academy, painted by a resident woman Artist."^[26] It was awarded from 1879 to 1968.
• Temple Gold Medal: The Joseph Temple Fund Gold Medal was awarded to the best oil painting by an American creative person exhibited at PAFA'due south annual exhibition. Information technology was awarded from 1883 to 1968.

Deaccessioning [edit]

In 2013, the university sold East Current of air Over Weehawken (1934), one of 2 Edward Hopper paintings in its collection, to start an endowment fund. Near 25 percent of the fund will be used to fill gaps in the collection of historic art, with much of the residuum to buy gimmicky art of undetermined value with hopes for dramatic increases in the future.^[27] The painting was sold at auction for $40,485,000,^[28] allowing a substantial boost to the museum's then-electric current endowment of about $23.v million,^[29] simply raised new questions nearly the museum'due south mission and whether such deaccessionings are in the public involvement.

See likewise [edit]

•  Philadelphia portal
• List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia
• National Annals of Historic Places listings in Centre City, Philadelphia

References [edit]

Notes

1. ^ "National Annals Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
2. ^ ^{a b} "Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts: Most". Artinfo. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-24 . ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
3. ^ "PHMC Historical Markers". Historical Marker Database. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Archived from the original on December seven, 2013. Retrieved Dec 10, 2013.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts", Encyclopedia Britannica, Retrieved 28 July 2018.
5. ^ "History of PAFA", Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Retrieved 28 July 2018.
6. ^ ^{a b c d eastward} Gallery, John Andrew, ed. (2004), Philadelphia Architecture: A Guide to the City (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Foundation for Architecture, ISBN0962290815 , p. 65
7. ^ American Art News (Jan 7, 1922)
8. ^ Hamilton, John McLure. Men I Have Painted. London: T. Fisher Unwin Ltd., 1921; p. 176-180
9. ^ Philadelphia in the World War: 1914–1919, New York: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1922. pg. 517
10. ^ The Pennsylvania University and Its Women, pg. 12
11. ^ May, Stephen, "An Enduring Legacy: The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 1805–2005" in Hain, Marking et al. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1805–2005: 200 years of Excellence Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania University of the Fine Arts, 2005, pg.16
12. ^ The Pennsylvania Academy and Its Women, pg. 17
13. ^ The Pennsylvania Academy and Its Women, pg.xix
14. ^ Yount, Sylvia et al. Cecilia Beaux: American Figure Painter, Atlanta: High Museum of Art; Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007, pg. 36
15. ^ ^{a b} Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; Cozzolino, Robert (2012-01-01). The female gaze: women artists making their world. ISBN9781555953898. OCLC 810442369.
16. ^ PAFA To Offer Scholarships to Fine Arts Students at Camden County Higher, PAFA Press Room, 2/20/2009
17. ^ Strahan, Edward, ed. (1875). A Century Later, picturesque glimpses of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Allen, Lane & Scott and J. W. Lauderbach.
18. ^ Teitelman, Edward & Longstreth, Richard Westward. (1981), Architecture in Philadelphia: A Guide, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, ISBN0262700212 , p. 80
19. ^ Webster, Richard J. (1976). Philadelphia Preserved. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. pp. 136–137.
20. ^ Moss, Rodger (2008). Historic Landmarks of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA: University of Philadelphia Press. pp. 186–191.
21. ^ John Rogers Cox: Bank clerk wins fame painting wheat fields. Life Mag. July 12, 1948. Retrieved 2012-12-19 .
22. ^ "William Weeks Hall Has A Final Resting Place At The Shadows". Newspapers.com. The Daily Advertiser. 27 June 1961. p. ix. Retrieved 2021-05-22 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
23. ^ "Kirk, Maria Louise" in Dorothy B. Gilbert (ed.), Who'due south Who in American Art (New York: R. R. Bowker Co. 1970), p. 123
24. ^ Kaltenbach, Chris (2014-11-xv). "Remembrance: Michael Shamberg, from Baltimore to New Guild and across". Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2014-xi-29 .
25. ^ Catalogue of the annual exhibition, Book 112 Past Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
26. ^ Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1919). Catalogue of the Annual Exhibition. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. p. half-dozen.
27. ^ Graham Bowley (Baronial 27, 2013), Pennsylvania Museum Selling a Hopper to Raise Endowment for Gimmicky Art New York Times.
28. ^ "Christie's Auction Results, Auction 2750, Lot 17" Christie's (December v, 2013)
29. ^ Spiegelman, Willard. "University at a Crossroads" Wall Street Journal (September 25, 2013)

Bibliography

• The Pennsylvania University and its women, 1850–1920: May 3 – June 16, 1974 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (exhibition catalogue). Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1974.
• Pennsylvania University of Fine Arts. In This Academy: The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1805–1976. Museum Press, Inc: Washington, D.C., 1976.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• The original Academy of the Fine Arts, 1869 at the Historical Guild of Pennsylvania
• The Academy of the Fine Arts and Its Future: address delivered before the Art Club of Philadelphia by Edward H. Coates (24 January 1890)
• National Register Nomination on the National Park Service website
• HABS Documentation on Library of Congress website
• Philadelphia Architects and Buildings listing of the academy edifice

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts

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